Civil Rights Movement Essays - What is the Solution

Social equality Movement Essays - What is the Solution?Today's Civil Rights Movement has gone to a junction. The two sides have a portion of similar objectives. Sadly, there are the individuals who don't agree with their restricting perspectives. How about we take a gander at a portion of the key issues that isolate the sides and how they can cooperate to accomplish their basic goals.How can the two sides accomplish equivalent rights? The focal point of the two sides is on the infringement of social liberties. Equivalent assurance under the law implies no separation dependent on race, sex, age, religion, sexual direction, or nationality. Each side puts together its contentions with respect to various meanings of the word equivalent. The lesson of the story is that one side has confidence in equivalent treatment while the different puts stock in equivalent rights. Neither one of the sides has a restraining infrastructure on ethics or the truth.How do we accomplish equivalent rights fo r each side? There is no complete arrangement, yet the two sides concur that the other ought to be considered responsible. The two sides concur that without solid government enactment, they can't accomplish correspondence. Obviously, there is the potential for significantly more grounded legislation.I think there is a lot of that can be cultivated with the assistance of our national authority in the Civil Rights Movement. We can unite all sides, connect with the two significant ideological groups, and contact the remainder of the world.So what is it going to take to unravel this emergency of the Civil Rights Movement? It will take everybody cooperating. Pioneers from both the Democratic and Republican gatherings ought to effectively start to lead the pack in calling for authoritative activity and guaranteeing that all Americans feel remembered for the conversation.There are numerous zones where we can concur. As a matter of first importance, we ought to forestall any oppression any gathering of Americans. Besides, we ought to guarantee that no gathering of Americans is victimized dependent on age, sex, or race.This will require solid authority from our country's top political pioneers and the team made by the Civil Rights Movement is endeavoring to achieve this. They are doing everything conceivable to think of an answer for this emergency and we should be appreciative that they are eager to set the governmental issues aside and spotlight on making enactment that will ensure everyone.In shutting, I accept we can cooperate to take care of this issue and unite us as a country and better see each other through the Civil Rights Movement. We should not overlook that we need to do this on a significant issue that impacts each American. We should keep our focus on the big picture and work together to accomplish the objective.

SAT Essay Introduction Samples

SAT Essay Introduction SamplesSAT paper presentation tests will assist you with building up the abilities expected to compose the most productive exposition on the most significant subject. A paper is a trial of your exposition creation aptitudes, so it is critical that you have taken in the privilege skills.Today's article will be unquestionably more advanced than whatever was suspected conceivable even a couple of years back. The product that empowers them to create great, elegantly composed articles is likewise the PC programs that permit you to compose your paper progressively while the product causes changes as you to compose. You would then be able to alter your composing when you are finished.Software projects, for example, the OneNote and a comparable program from Kaplan have sat presentation tests that utilize these new highlights. You won't have the option to start the exposition without the right article layout to base the structure of the paper on. These are easy to disco ver on the web and free.Make sure that your sat presentation models contain a presentation and end that are created by the product program. The product is customized to coordinate your attributes and your character to the depictions of key thoughts. You can likewise utilize the paper layout to keep your exposition produced for a more drawn out time of time.You should likewise ensure that your article has a topic that will prompt a particular sort of end. A decent method to do this is to give a general depiction of the theme and give instances of composing that shows the requirement for explicit solutions.You should initially decide the heading of your paper. You can do this by finding an article diagram or by thinking of one yourself. When you have decided the course of your exposition, you will have the option to arrange your article further.The objective of the paper is to persuade the peruser of a solid contention and to demonstrate the capacity to convey clear and brief composit ion. You should have the option to build up the craft of influence to deliver a solid end to your essay.Getting some SAT paper presentation tests can assist you with discovering where your shortcomings untruth and how you can improve the composing aptitudes you as of now have. With the assistance of these example papers, you will have the option to figure out how to improve as an essayist. You will have the option to utilize these examples to improve the ability of composing that you as of now have.

Essay Samples for College Students

Paper Samples for College StudentsThere are an assortment of article tests that are accessible for understudies who are composing theory papers for their homework. The greater part of these examples are furnished by writers who know about the theme and have arranged their articles dependent on their examination. Consequently, these understudies might have the option to spare time by acquiring tests that are set up by experts in the field.Some writers will offer examples for understudies who are composing for an altogether different topic. A great deal of times the understudies need to compose an exposition about opportunity or will be gotten some information about battling to get a point over. The subjects of these papers can likewise vary.These writers have arranged papers from their way of thinking class for understudies who are mentioning one of these sorts of papers. So as to make the activity of understudies simpler, numerous understudies are given a similar article to utilize w hen they are doing the composed task. By utilizing these papers for understudies, it will turn out to be progressively evident that these understudies are being given a similar kind of task as those understudies who have utilized way of thinking class books just as test essays.In expansion to this, a few understudies will think that its simpler to compose an article about opportunity on the off chance that they know the historical backdrop of the subject in the way of thinking class. By thinking about opportunity, the understudy will have the option to plan a way of thinking article that is liberated from predisposition. This isn't generally the situation and understudies may wish to counsel different sources that might be more objective.However, there are various savants who have composed expositions about opportunity that did not depend on the way of thinking class. Some have composed on the subject of more liberated markets, while others have written on the side of the Chinese go vernment and its utilization of the one-kid strategy. While most understudy's papers depend on the class material, it is in every case best to know about different sources that have composed on the topic.Students additionally should ensure that the articles they are planning are reasonable and nonpartisan. The writers have the real factors and data and their expositions ought to be investigated. Just use data from distributed sources, rather than individual information.When understudies are bringing forth their youngsters, they may likewise utilize these papers to assist them with the way toward consenting with guardians. Albeit a few people may differ with this sort of reasoning paper, the writers may remember this data for their example expositions as an accommodating aide. Since birth guardians have rights in specific expresses, an example article might be utilized to assist them with acquiring this consent.There are various paper tests that are found for understudies who need on e. The understudies can frequently spare time and exertion by choosing the best paper when they are doing the schoolwork task. At the point when the understudies are approached to do a philosophical article, they can be helped by giving an example paper that has been set up by experts in the field.

The Best Online Paper Writers

The Best Online Paper WritersThere are various electronic administrations that help to choose the best online paper scholars. Obviously, nobody will recommend that such administrations are 100% reliable.However, you should know the sort of administration that you can discover on the organization's site and afterward pick your best alternatives. For example, would you like to be furnished with test articles that you can decide to create or on the off chance that you need to be appointed articles by a writer? On the off chance that you need to be alloted, you have to ensure that you have enough alternatives for writers.Remember that these online paper essayists are independent journalists who simply need your venture. In this way, you can pick the sort of articles that you are happy to compose dependent on your experience and ability level.You may likewise be keen on the way that numerous specialists like to work with other independent essayists. If so, you ought to consider being rele gated to a wide range of scholars simultaneously. This would promise you of getting the best journalists for your projects.Aside from that, you can likewise scan for sites that give the rundown of incredible online paper scholars for your requirements. They will furnish you with the names of a few scholars who are capable in their art and would definitely meet your needs.Some individuals may make some hard memories discovering independent essayists who can be trusted. Fortunately there are sites that can assist you with finding the best online journalists on the net.Finding the best independent scholars can be testing particularly in the event that you don't have a lot of time to burn. Be that as it may, as long as you have the correct thoughts regarding what you are searching for, you will without a doubt have the option to limit your choices.Online composing is a field that has seen tremendous development as of late. At the point when you get your work done and begin searching for the best online essayists, you will absolutely locate a huge rundown of choices that will address your issues.

College Admission Essay Question Samples - What to Look For

School Admission Essay Question Samples - What to Look ForCollege affirmation paper question tests are ideal for understudies who are as yet composing the exposition however might want to acquaint themselves with the arrangement first. Most inquiry tests pose to understudies to compose a paper on a specific subject and to answer a short numerous decision or short-answer question. There are some example addresses that have a couple of reaction decisions however most offer five to eight alternatives in all.Each question is a fundamental part of an understudy's psyche and soul at the hour of exposition composing. Indeed, numerous confirmations officials typically just require a couple of moments to experience a lot of papers and screen out the low quality ones. Notwithstanding, for understudies, it is essential to feel certain and alright with their own composing abilities, so they can make the following stride in the process.Most understudies just round out the structure with no direct ion. At the point when they have an inclination that they have finished the whole procedure, they spare the structures and envelopes which they as a rule get at the hour of accommodation. Numerous understudies make graphs and record the exposition themes they would compose and what number of paper subjects they had just finished before they gotten their forms.Students ought to consistently have a finished article point or three subjects prepared as a top priority when they send in their application. Most of the school affirmation paper question tests additionally incorporate a concise layout, depiction, and title of the exposition. In the event that they are utilizing one of the example expositions that are accessible on the web, they may likewise need to locate a prepared framework or outline from the supplier. A few universities don't have to see your completed exposition until the end date; they can take a gander at an example article for a last decision.College affirmation paper question tests can likewise give the understudies more certainty. They definitely realize they are composing a paper and that they must be capable around there. In any case, on the off chance that they feel awkward, they will frequently simply skirt the entire procedure. When in doubt, understudies don't need to follow the specific rules they see on the example article. Their own style is fine, as long all things considered at any rate like what the example candidate did. It is significant for the understudy to compose plainly and to ensure they don't miss key subtleties and facts.College confirmation exposition question tests can likewise give them a feeling of control. Most understudies can compose the material that the confirmations officials give, however it helps in the event that they are given more direction. They may feel overpowered, yet they should give themselves more opportunity to concoct an elegantly composed essay.College affirmation exposition question tests can be found by essentially doing an inquiry on the Internet. You will get different examples that you can use to compose an article on. There are normally free ones, just as those that are evaluated.

Important Points To Keep In Mind When You Need To Write An Essay

Significant Points To Keep In Mind When You Need To Write An EssayIf you have to compose an article, you'll need a great deal of exploration papers in your arms stockpile, yet don't stress - it's anything but difficult to concoct some amazing expositions on the off chance that you realize how to utilize the correct kind of article test. Here are some key focuses to remember with regards to discovering top notch subjects for your essay.The first thing you have to do is ensure that you have an exploration paper close by - any old paper, however the one that will be generally advantageous to your last item. Numerous individuals compose expositions as a diversion, however thusly, they will in general compose ineffectively in light of the fact that they overlook their center topic. Except if you truly appreciate composing, you should investigate getting some increasingly explicit examination papers to write in the future.When you go out and look for the best articles for your undertaking, make certain to visit a couple of locales to figure out various sorts of exposition tests. One of the most famous kinds of papers on the web is the profile exposition, which is short in content yet sneaks up all of a sudden in its introductory letter. A profile article for the most part begins with an inquiry, at that point answers it in detail. It additionally presents a solid message about the writer as their history and what makes them tick.Essays composed by specialists for the most part follow this organization and offer exhortation to the peruser on the best way to develop themselves. They might be composed by individuals who have achieved achievement, or you can discover exposition tests that talk about specific ways of life that you may have that could influence the manner in which you perform at work or home. You can likewise discover articles that manage certain character characteristics, callings, and associations that help characterize your kind of person.As you approac h discovering probably the best paper tests, search for sites that permit you to transfer your exposition and afterward vote on it. This allows you to see the various perspectives on the article. You can likewise look for articles composed by others and even read reviews.Check out the article registries that are promptly accessible and perused them for a couple of catchphrases. You should peruse a portion of the ones that have just been put together by different clients and afterward choose a couple of the articles that you think have merit. These papers regularly accompany an introductory letter included, which makes it a lot simpler to submit them to significant article accommodation sites.Many of the most well known destinations give editors, however you ought to likewise look at singular editors on the off chance that you need to guarantee that your exposition gets distributed. Locate a couple of editors who are eager to survey your work and ask them inquiries about how you inte nd to develop it later on. You'll likewise have the option to get more data about your article, particularly on the off chance that you send them an email mentioning extra data or proofreading.It's critical to realize how to compose a strong paper - that is, a persuasive individual exposition test that will permit you to stand apart among your opposition. It's likewise vital to realize how to capitalize on your very own exploration. You ought to endeavor to compose on themes that you're enthusiastic about and make sense of how to introduce your thoughts such that the peruser will be attracted to it.

How to Get Your Resume and Medical Assistant Essay Samples Noticed

Instructions to Get Your Resume and Medical Assistant Essay Samples NoticedMedical partner presentation exposition tests and requests for employment are an approach to get your presentation and resume saw in an ocean of candidates. On the off chance that you are keen on filling in as a clinical partner, here are a few stages that you can take to help get your resume noticed.Look for clinical right hand presentation exposition tests and requests for employment on the web. Most states have some sort of employment looking through program that is promptly accessible on the web. There are numerous sites that will give you an assortment of test clinical right hand continue templates.The essential thought is to attempt to impersonate the data that would be found on the same wavelength when the resume is printed out. Keep the data succinct and to the point. In the event that you have the important aptitude and experience, you might have the option to roll out minor improvements to the exampl e resumes to guarantee they intently reflect the data that you will secure in position openings.Make sure that the resume has a lot of room. It is additionally critical to have a lot of spaces for composing your contact data and email address. The more data that you can place in the spaces accessible, the happier you will be.The test application ought to be elegantly composed. It ought to be straightforward and to the point. On the off chance that you don't have a great deal of composing experience, it might be a smart thought to recruit an expert composing administration to compose the application for you.Take an opportunity to clean the application. Numerous candidates disregard the way that an ineffectively composed application may give you a terrible early introduction. For an individual with the correct preparing and experience, the composing ought to be flawless.Lastly, ensure that the general appearance of the application is perfect and clean. It ought to incorporate an intro ductory letter, an official resume, and authority test scores report. This should give you the most obvious opportunity with regards to being reached by a potential employer.In request to get your clinical partner continue test and request for employment saw, set aside the effort to concentrate on doing a couple of things right. By doing your absolute best and following a couple of fundamental advances, you will have a greatly improved possibility of getting the clinical aide position that you need.

How to Choose the Best Comparison Essay Topics

The most effective method to Choose the Best Comparison Essay TopicsA great undergrad will get their work done, yet it's essential to recognize what the most ideal examination article points are. As a rule the best correlation paper subjects aren't what you think they are. There are a lot of themes which are applicable yet are difficult to write.Comparing two points is an incredible method to discover which is the better paper subject. Then again, you'll need to abstain from contrasting points which are fundamentally the same as. It's critical to comprehend that many exposition subjects depend on basic topics. Expounding on those subjects can be somewhat simpler than expounding on subjects which are very unique.Before you start composing your paper, you should make sense of which kinds of points are your qualities and which ones aren't. The themes you compose ought to be founded on subjects that you appreciate. After you've made sense of this, you'll be in a superior situation to cho ose what to expound on in your essay.Once you're arranging the themes, there are a few distinct methodologies you can take. The main thing you ought to do is utilize a similar arrangement for the entirety of your articles. Most understudies pick a theme that has just been set up by the author of the task. At that point you ought to follow the configuration intently, utilizing a similar sentence structure and closure your exposition with a conclusion.If you don't feel great after a format, you have to make one. You'll need to separate the exposition into areas which would then be able to be revised. At the point when you're going to revise your paper, ensure that the data you're adding to it isn't absolutely disconnected to the first subject. For instance, in case you're experiencing difficulty with your papers on food or preparing, you'll need to discover data about food or preparing that will identify with your topic.Finally, when you've chosen which point to utilize and how to mak e your particular article, you should set aside some effort to conceptualize. You should take a gander at the subjects you've picked and check whether there are any themes that would make your article all the more fascinating. By taking a gander at the point that you as of now have, you'll have a superior thought of what you should add to your topic.When you begin to compose your exposition, you'll need to recollect that the objective is to make it fascinating. You would prefer not to expound just on the subject yet in addition expound on the issues that you may experience while you're composing your exposition. This will help keep your paper interesting.By realizing what to expound on in your article, you'll know which examination exposition themes are superior to other people. By giving yourself a blueprint of what you need to cover, you can abstain from composing without an unmistakable heading. Whenever you need to compose your article, you'll have a superior thought of which ex amination exposition themes are ideal.

Introduction to Negligence - Free Essay Example

Discuss what is meant by a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"duty of careà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in the tort of negligence. Explain the test which is applied in the tort of negligence to determine whether the defendant breached the legal duty of care owed to the claimant. What factors would a court take into account when determining how a reasonable person would act? Duty of care Test applied for determining Factors court would take into account to determine how a reasonable person would act Tort law Tort in general are a set of rights, obligation that are provided to the citizen by a civil court in order to maintain safety of people and provide remedies for persons who have been inflicted suffering/losses by the wrongdoings of other citizens. (https://legaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Tort+Law) A tort is a wrongdoing by a citizen towards another for which he/she is tried in the court of law. The plaintiff is the person against whom the wrong has been committed and who has suffered losses. Whereas, the person because of whom the damages/losses have occurred to the plaintiff is known as the defendant. The law of tort is obtained from common law principles that have come from case laws and legislative enactment. Torts are not dependent on any sort of agreement between the two parties involved and this is how tort law is distinguishable from breach of contract or any other type of law. Moreover, it is the citizen who brings the tort case even though criminal prosecutions are applied by the state. Defendants, in case of tort law, do not receive fines and neither do civil courts incarcerate them. (https://www.findlaw.co.uk/law/government/constitutional_law/500400.html) The word tort is derived from a latin word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"torquereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, meaning incorrect or twisted. There was no separate legal action under the English common law. In place of tort the English law system provided plaintiffs with two options of reparation: trespass for direct injuries an d for indirect injury, action on the case. In time, other civil wrongdoings were also recognized by the English common law, for ex Defamation, libel, slander. English common law became popular in America and they started adopting it. The first U.S. treatises that were published had a portion of common law which was created under the tort law. Every tort action requires some criteria to be fulfilled. First, the plaintiff must prove that the defendant had a legal obligation to act in a particular manner. Second, the plaintiff must prove that the defendant breached this duty by acting in a wrong way. Third, the plaintiff must be able to prove that he suffered losses, damage and injury because of the defendant not being able to follow his legal duty. (https://legaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Tort+Law) The law of tort aims to serve the following objectives. First, tort law aims at providing compensation to the plaintiff for injury/losses suffered due to the misdoings of the de fendant. Second, it tries to punish the defendant by making them pay for the cost of such losses/injury. Third, it seeks to make sure that such an irresponsible, careless behavior is discouraged in the future. Lastly, tort law seeks to claim the legal rights that are compromised or diminished. The above mentioned objectives me into play when the tort liability is imposed on defendants for negligence, intentional misdoings. Types of tort Intentional Torts Intentional tort is when a citizen or a group of people purposely indulge in an activity that harms or causes damage to another. For example, one person attacking another in a fight will be considered as an intentional act that would come under this tort. Seeing the above example it may look like an intentional tort may be categorized as a criminal case, but there are some differences between them. A crime can be thought of as when an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actions damages or injures the interest of the society. W hereas, an intentional tort is when the actions of an individual affects/injures the property/well-being of one individual. While in a criminal case the charges are brought on by the government and can lead to jail sentence, in a tort the victim presses the charges against the defendant and is usually seeking for monetary compensation for the injury/damages caused by the defendant. Negligence Every individual/citizen is anticipated to behave in a particular manner and conduct themselves responsibly. This is also considered as a legal duty of the citizens as this would reduce the risk of damage/injury/harm to the others. If a citizen fails to abide by these requirements he/she is said to be negligent and the act comes under negligence. Tort of negligence has been the most prevalent tort. A lot different than the tort of intention, negligence tort doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t consider intentional actions by a person, whereas it takes into account the cases where an individual acts carelessly and fails to obey the above mentioned legal duties towards fellow citizen causing them harm/injury/damage. The most common case is of slip and fall wherein a property owner fails to behave as a rational person would, hence causing harm to the visitor. Strict Liability This type of tort (strict/absolute) involves imposing responsibility, for a damage/injury/harm, on the person who has done wrong without the requirement of proof of negligence or intention. What only count is that an action transpired which eventually led to injury/damage/harm of another person. The most major example is of defective products, where the liability is imposed irrespective of intent. In such cases the only requirement the injured person has to fulfill is to prove that the injury was directly caused by the malfunction of the product in order to have the law on their side. The companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s intention is this case is not taken into consideration. Business tort (https://www .inc.com/articles/1999/11/15387.html) In business tort the damage is not done to an individual but to imperceptible assets such as economic interest or business relations or contracts. Fraudulent Misrepresentation Fraudulent misrepresentation aims at protecting an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s economic interests and also their right to reasonable and true treatment. If a plaintiff wishes to file a fraud claim he/she must prove that the defendant purposely misrepresented a fact which the plaintiff relied on and was eventually harmed/suffered losses due to the misrepresentation. For example, if a company presents factually wrong/misleading financial statements to a bank in order to procure a loan and the bank relying on those statements provides the loan then the bank is eligible to file a case for fraud against the company if they arenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t able to pay the loan back. Fraud claim can be filed if the defendant had the duty to disclose a fact but he/she failed to do so. Like for instance a financial advisor on behalf of both buyer and seller may be held for fraud if he has knowledge about the toxic content of the property and fails to tell this to the buyer. TORT OF NEGLIGENCE The most common kind of tort that one comes across is the tort of negligence and is generally used to represent behavior that causes the unreasonable risk of harm to other individuals. There are a few elements that are required to be established for the negligence tort. They are as follows: A duty of care should exist between the plaintiff and the defendant. The defendant breaching that duty of care. Defendants breach causes direct harm/ injury/damage to the plaintiff. DUTY OF CARE A duty of care is when a person is required to behave carefully, with responsibility and attention towards other individuals in a way a reasonable person would. If the individual fails to meet the expected standard of care then they behavior is considered negligent and any damage/harm resulting from it may be filed for negligence it the court of law. (https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/duty+of+care) Judges making decisions in various cases involving tort of negligence has led to the gradual development of duty of care. This first came to light in a case of negligence of donoghuev v Stevenson (1932) in which the plaintiff (mrs. Donoghuev) went to a cafÃÆ' © with a friend of hers. Her friend brought her a drink of ginger beer and ice cream. The contents of the beer couldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be seen as it was in a dark bottle. Mrs. Donoghuev drank some of the beer and then poured the rest out and to her shock saw a dead, decomposing snail in the drink . This horrified mrs. Donoghuev and led to her becoming ill. The main reason of her falling ill was the sight and the ginger beer she had already drunk. In spite of clear negligence on the part of the manufacturer mrs. Donoghuev couldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t claim against the manufacturer or the shopkeeper based on contract since she wasnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t the one who bought the drink. Mrs. Donoghuevà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s friend bought the drink hence she could claim against the cafÃÆ' © based on contract, but again since her friend didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t suffer any kind of illness/losses apart from the fact that she had bought the defective good. In this case the only remedy that could be provided was money back to the friend and no remedy for mrs. Donoghuevà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s health. Hence, mrs. Donoghuev decided to file a claim against the drinkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s manufacturer (Stevenson). Her claims were based on the stomach illness and resulting shock from the consumption of t he beer and the sight respectively. Whether her claim against the drinkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s manufacturer would succeed or no was now dependent on the courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s decision. This situation led to lord Atkinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s famous statement. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The rule that you are to love your neighbour becomes in law, you must not injure your neighbour; and the lawyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s question, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Who is my neighbour?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ receives a restricted reply.You must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which you can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbour.Who, then, in law is my neighbour? The answer seems to be: persons who are so closely and directly affected by my act that I ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as being so affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions which are called in question.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Donoghuev v stevenson (1932) was the first attempt that succeeded to set out a general principle with respect to the concept of the duty of care. As the lawyers began to realize that the above mentioned principle could be changed to be used with various types of cases, the test was restructured to create the three part test in the case of caparo v dickman (1990) The general parameters set in the test for caparo v dickman were as follows It should be reasonably foreseeable that an individual in the plaintiffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s position was at risk of injury/harm/damage. There should be satisfactory proximity between the two parties. Proximity here means that two parties involved should be close enough such that it is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"reasonably foreseeableà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ that negligence by one party leads to damage/injury to the other party. It should be just, rational and realistic to enforce liability on the defendant. All the above mentioned parameters should be met if a duty of care is to be payable by the defendant to the plaintiff. Also there is a necessity for each part to be proved and explained separately and unambiguously. Caparo Test The First Part à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Foreseeablility This test is objective. Would it be foreseeable that someone in the claimants place might be injured by a reasonable individual? In Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) it can be seen that the consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s health will be affected if the snail gets into the bottle. This particular situation is of supplying consumable products with foreign bodies in it and a reasonable individual would be able to foresee that the consumer (plaintiff) may very likely be injured. In the case of Kent v Griffiths (2000) a patient was suffering from a serious asthma attack and therefore a doctor ordered an ambulance to take the patient to the hospital immediately. The ambulance control centre received the messaged and they acknowledged it. Without any acceptable reason the ambulance arrived very late, the result of which was that the patient suffered a heart attack. The heart attack could have been avoided if she had been attended to earlier. A reasonable individual would find it foreseeable that that the ambulanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s failure to arrive in time would cause the patient to suffer from serious harm. There have also been various cases where the courts have decided that it isnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t reasonably foreseeable that the plaintiff would suffer harm. For instance, in Bournhill v Young (1943) a motorcyclist crashed into a car and was killed due to driving too fast. Mrs. Bournhill, who was very close to the scene, was eight months pregnant. Mrs. Bournhill only heard the incident but didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t actually see it. As she witnessed the blood on the road and body it led to her experiencing a severe shock which further led to her baby being born still. She filed a case against the motorcyclist blaming him for her plight. But the court denied her claims as they decided that the motorcyclist couldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have reasonably foreseen that his accident would affect mrs. Bournhill, hence he didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t owe any duty of care to her. The Second Part à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Proximity A duty of care exists only when the harm caused is reasonably foreseeable and also if the relation between the plaintiff and the defendant is sufficiently close. The same can also be seen in the case of Osman v Ferguson (1993) in which the police officers were aware of the risk the victim was at. The victim was hence murdered by the attacker. During the proceedings the courts established that the plaintiff and defendant had a sufficiently close relationship. However, the case failed because it was decided that it isnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t fair, just to impose a duty of care on the police. The Third Part à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Fair, just and reasonable Generally, courts refrain from imposing a duty of care on the public authorities. However, is few situations the police do somehow owe a duty of care. In the case of MPC v Reeves (2001) a man with suicidal tendencies was taken into custody by the police. He hanged himself to death in the cell while he was in custody. In this particular case the police did owe the victim a duty of care. Breach of Duty Once a claimant has proved the duty of care is owed he must then show that the defendant breached that duty. This is merely when the defendant falls below the standard of care appropriate to the duty. Breach of duty is measured objectively by the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"reasonable man testà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. The reasonable man is the ordinary person performing the particular task: he is expected to perform it reasonably competently. Thus, when I am riding my bicycle, I am expected to be a reasonably competent cyclist who can ride a bicycle. Therefore, a number of factors that can be considered to raise or lower the standard. This is logical because a reasonable person will rightly take greater risks in an emergency, and take more care when the risk of harm is greater. For a breach of duty to occur, the court will take four factors into account: Now that the plaintiff has proved that duty of care exists the next step is to show that the defendant has breached that duty. -Thedegree of r iskinvolved: the greater the risk, the more the defendant has to take care. (Bolton v Stone 1951). -Thecost of precautions: the courts will see how high the risk is involved, and then take into account the expense of taking precautions to prevent that risk (Bolton v Stone and Latimer v AEC). -Potential seriousness of injures: so if there is a very high risk of serious injury, the more the defendant needs to be very careful (Paris v Stepney B.C. 1951). -Theimportance of the activity: in an emergency, sometimes it is not possible to reflect, think of a possible risk (Marshall v Osmand 1982). Standard for expertsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" where the defendant has some expertise, for example, he is a doctor carrying out medical treatment, then the standard of care is that which would normally be expected from a doctor. InBolam v Friern Hospital Management (1957)the judge said: A man need not possess the highest expert skill; it is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ sufficient if he exercises the ord inary skill of an ordinary competent man exercising that particular art. In some situations, it is difficult to know exactly what happened, although it is found obvious that the defendant was negligent. In these situations a rule calledres ipsa loquitur, which means (things speak for themselves) was developed by judges. It has to be shown that:  ·The defendant was in control of the situation (causing injury).  ·The injury was more likely than not to be caused by negligence. If the claimant proves these two things then the defendant has to prove that he was not negligent. This rule was shown in the case ofScott v London and St. Katherine Docks (1865)where the claimant was hit by six bags of sugar which fell from the defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s warehouse. The claimant could not say why the bags had fallen but the court ruled that the facts spoke for themselves and it was up to the defendant to prove that he was not negligent.